5/24/14

Revisiting History of Art: translation of text about a “forgotten” collection of Rembrandt original prints [from Portuguese to English]

The original Portuguese text was written by Miguel V. Duque, Director of the Museum of the Foundation Dionísio Pinheiro and Alice Pinheiro, located in Águeda, Portugal. For more on the museum and some of the fine works of art it keeps, I highly recommend visiting the Google Art Project’s page of the foundation

Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn produziu gravuras durante quase toda a sua carreira, de 1626 a 1660, até ter sido forçado a vender a sua prensa, deixando, desta forma, a gravura para um segundo plano.

Não sendo conhecido qualquer trabalho seu datado de 1649, ele volta, posteriormente, a dedicar-se à gravura, tendo sido ele mesmo a gravar parcialmente algumas das suas placas. A liberdade artística que votava à sua técnica da gravura foi fundamental para a imortalização do seu trabalho. Sempre muito envolvido em todo o processo de impressão, tendo impresso, pelo menos, os primeiros exemplares das suas gravuras. Começou por utilizar estilo baseado no desenho, que rapidamente largou para adoptar um estilo baseado na pintura, usando uma densa massa de linhas e inúmeras punções de ácido para conseguir diferentes espessuras de linhas. No final dos anos 30 do séc. XVII, revoltou-se contra a sua técnica e passou a usar uma mais simples, com menor utilização de ácido. No seu famoso “Cristo a Pregar”, trabalhou a gravura por estádios, durante os anos 40, gravura essa, que marcou o meio da sua carreira artística, e da qual emergiu o seu estilo final. Embora só tenham sobrevivido as placas dois estádios iniciais, sendo as do primeiro muito raras, evidências de muito mais estádios podem ser observadas nas impressões finais e em muitos dos desenhos que o sobreviveram até hoje.

Durante a década de 50, o auge da sua carreira como gravurista, Rembrandt produziu inúmeras ilustrações da vida de Cristo. Ao contrário do tratamento que anteriormente tinha dado ao tema, Rembrandt focou-se, daí em diante, numa abordagem mais pessoal, e mesmo intimista, do significado dos episódios bíblicos. Na “Apresentação de Jesus no Templo” podemos observar Simião, a quem “O Espírito Santo tinha revelado [...] que não morreria sem primeiro ver o Messias prometido pelo Senhor” (Lucas, 2:28), segura o Menino em direcção ao Sacerdote, enquanto o Sumo-Sacerdote, por trás deste, ostenta uma mitra e um enorme “báculo”. A Virgem e São José ajoelham-se humildemente na sombra no canto inferior esquerdo, e Ana que “ [...] chegou instante, louvava a Deus e falava do Menino a todos os que esperavam a libertação de Jerusalém” (Lucas, 2:38), aparece no canto superior direito em segundo plano. Talvez o mais experimentado gravurista de toda a História da Arte, Rembrandt combinou a gravura, a ponta seca e a água-forte para criar um efeito pictórico riquíssimo. Ao usar uma fina rede de trama no fundo e grupos de linhas paralelas nas figuras, criou uma atmosfera evocativa tal, onde as formas emergem através da meia-luz.

As 282 gravuras de Rembrandt, integrantes da Colecção de Arte do Conde do Ameal, Coimbra, fazendo parte do Leilão do Ameal, de 1921, tendo sido expostas em Lisboa/ SNI em 1948, na Grande Exposição de Gravura Antiga, organizada por Luís Reis‑Santos e vendidas, posteriormente, a Dionísio Pinheiro, entre 1956 e 1958.”

[Now follows my own English translation... your comments are highly appreciated!]

Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn produced prints during almost his entire career, from 1626 to 1660, when he was forced to sell his press, leaving prints to a second plan.

No work dated from 1649 is known under his name, nevertheless he later returns to engraving and indeed some of his plates were actually partially engraved by himself. The artistic freedom that he applied to his engraving technique was essential for the immortalization of his work. He was always very involved in the whole process of printing, as he printed at least his early etchings.

He began by using a style based on hand-drawing that he rapidly quit to adopt a method based on painting using a dense mass of lines and numerous acid punctures to achieve different thickness in lines. In the late 30′s of the XVII century, he revolted against his technique and started to use a more simple with less usage of acid. In his famous “Christ Preaching”, he worked the plate by stages during the 40′s; this engraving marked the middle of his artistic career, and from which emerged his final style. Although only the plates of the two initial states have survived to our days (from the first one they are very rare), evidence of more stages can be seen in final copies and many of the prints that have survived to this day.

During the 50′s, the pinnacle of his career as a printmaker, Rembrandt produced countless illustrations of the life of Christ. Unlike the treatment that he had previously given the topic, Rembrandt focused thereafter, on a more personal approach, even intimate, about the meaning of biblical episodes. In “The Presentation of Jesus in the Temple”, we can see Simeon, to whom “had been revealed [...] by the Holy Spirit that he would not die before he had seen the Lord’s Messiah” (Luke 2:26), holding the boy towards the Priest, while the High Priest, behind him, sporting a turban and a huge “crook”. The Virgin and St. Joseph kneel humbly in the shadow at the bottom left, and Anna that “Coming up to them at that very moment, she gave thanks to God and spoke about the child to all who were looking forward to the redemption of Jerusalem.” (Luke 2:38), appears in the upper right corner in the background. Perhaps the most experienced printmaker of all History of Art, Rembrandt combined engraving, dry-point and etching to create a rich pictorial effect. By using a fine network of plot in the background and groups of parallel lines in the figures, he created such an evocative atmosphere, where forms emerge through the half-light.

The 282 prints by Rembrandt, from the Art Collection of Conde do Ameal, Coimbra, included in the Ameal Auction, in 1921; afterwards they were exhibited in Lisbon/SNI [Secretariado Nacional da Informação/National Secretariat for Information] in 1948, at the Great Exhibition of Ancient Engraving, organized by Luís Reis Santos, and later it was sold to Dionísio Pinheiro, between 1956 and 1958.


11/9/13

As seen on the... Google Art Project!

Bridging cultural gaps would not be possible without translation... in its multiple forms.

There are a few places where translation in the broader sense is a permanent and ongoing effort and necessity, the interpretation and contextualization of historical object is a "transitional" and layered process beyond aesthetics and form vs. function factor. Museums may be one of those space-time jinxes! Now put all that into perspective in an out-of-the-box experience right here on this screen... Nice to see some paintings, decorative arts and national treasures, but what's beyond the looks? What to tell about the route and history of an exotic piece? One of the last projects I found myself immersed into was the translation of the contents for the Google Art Project presence of the Dionísio Pinheiro and Alice Cardoso Pinheiro Foundation, based in Águeda, a small-to-medium-sized Portuguese city.

This almost unnoticed museum lodges a vast collection with unique pieces in Oriental ceramics, Portuguese and European paintings, pottery and silverware, not to mention French Boulle furniture from different periods and a "lost" collection of drawings by a Dutch master... and so on and so on... In case you are in Portugal or visiting check their Facebook page right here to check their events and timetable.

And it is good to mention it was the second Portuguese museum to be invited to feature a selection of pieces, 50, but more will follow. The museum's page on Google Art Project was made available on 25 September 2013.

10/9/12

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